Background

The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (UN Women) Ethiopia Country Office (ECO) is implementing its three-year Programme on Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (EVAWG) which contributes to the overall goal of “Women and girls live a life free of violence”. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, nearly one-quarter (23 percent) of women have at some point in their lives experienced physical violence while 10 percent of the women have experienced sexual violence. Thirty-four per cent of married women have experienced spousal violence, whether physical, sexual or emotional, with emotional violence being the most common. Same study also shows high rates of under-reporting (66 percent) by women and girls who experienced violence.In many cases, girls are robbed of their childhood, deprived of an education, denied protection against diseases, and deprived of the ability to learn valuable life skills.  

The Government of Ethiopia showed its commitment to ensure gender equality through the ratification and endorsement of international protocols. Moreover, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Article 25 of the Constitution guarantees the equality of all persons before the law and prohibits any discrimination on grounds of gender. In addition, Article 35 reiterates principles of equality of access to economic opportunities, including the right to equality in employment and land ownership. The family law, which was revised in 2000, has shown a radical change to the parts of the Civil Code dealing with the institution of marriage. It abolished most of the discriminatory provisions in the Code concerning marriage. The criminal code criminalizes most forms of violence against women and girls including rape (articles 620-28), trafficking women (article 597), and physical violence within marriage or in an irregular union (article 564). However, the family code is not yet adopted by two regional states, Afar and Somali for different reasons.

Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) has an important economic cost to any society. The negative impact on women’s participation in education, employment and civic life undermines poverty reduction efforts. It results in lost employment and productivity, and it drains resources from social services, the justice system, health-care agencies and employers. Analyzing the cost of violence will enable the State to fully undertake its role as duty bearer, confirming the severity of the problem, and that it is a matter of public, not a private, concern. Violence has multiple impacts for both individuals and households, in the immediate and long-term. Immediate impacts include missed work (paid and unpaid), poor physical and mental health, poor reproductive outcomes, out of pocket expenditures to access services, and the cost of replacing lost property. In the long-term, it impacts on accumulation of education, expanding skills, experience and upward mobility within the workforce, chronic disability and morbidity, and rebuilding stable life. Governments incur costs in providing services to survivors and, to varying degrees, perpetrators and investing in programmes to prevent violence and loss of taxes due to lower household incomes and lower economic output for businesses. 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The overall aim of this research is to provide reliable estimate of the economic costs of IPV in Ethiopia. The estimates provided by this research will contribute to deepen the understanding among policy makers, political leaders, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), communities and families of the full cost of inaction in addressing violence.

The specific objectives of the study are:

1. Estimate annual economic cost of violence against women at the household level including:

1. Estimate of annual direct costs for households related to incidents of violence includes costs associated with seeking services for medical care (physical and mental), shelter, mediation (NGOs, local resolution), and judicial resolution as well as consumption costs related to the replacement of property.
2. Estimate of indirect costs income loss due to missed work, loss of reproductive labor, children’s health and children’s school performance
3. Estimate annual service provision costs across sectors including health, police, judicial and social

2. Develop macro-estimates of

1. Aggregate costs for national economy
2. Cost of service provision
3. Cost due to productivity loss

Duties and Responsibilities

The national economic cost of violence study will be led by an international research institution while the local consultant, coming with a variety of experts, is expected to closely work with and support the international institution and deliver on the below:

• Inception and research design
  • Contribute to produce an inception report, which will outline the Ethiopia context, the research design and methodology, the objectives and deliverables
  • Contribute to the actual research design
  • Contribute to the development of the research instruments, both quantitative and qualitative

• Fieldwork
  • Lead the development of the fieldwork plan, selection and capacity development of data collectors and translators
  • Contribute to the development of the fieldwork guide.
  • Implementation of the fieldwork which includes data collection, quality assurance and close supervision of the overall data collection process
• Analysis
  • Contribute to the development of the analysis plan
  • Conduct data cleaning and prepare the dataset
  • Conduct the first round of basic descriptive data analysis
  • Contribute to advanced statistical analysis
• Research report
  • Contribute to writing the research report
• Monitoring and Development
  • Participate in ongoing online meetings to discuss the progress of the research
• Dissemination of Research Findings
  • Participate in the organization and implementation of dissemination activities

Competencies

The consultants must have the following competencies

Core values

• Respect for Diversity
• Integrity
• Professionalism

Core competencies

• Awareness and Sensitivity Regarding Gender Issues
• Accountability
• Creative Problem Solving

• Effective Communication
• Inclusive Collaboration

• Stakeholder Engagement
• Leading by Example

Functional Competencies:

• Strong knowledge of gender equality and women’s rights issues
• Excellent level of conceptual and analytical capacity
• Ability to work in a team
• Ability to write in a clear and concise manner and to communicate effectively
• Demonstrates use of initiative and ability to make appropriate linkages in work requirements
• Openness to change and ability to receive/integrate feedback
• Meets deadlines for delivery of products or services
• Able to work virtually, using communication technologies
• Strong interpersonal skills

Required Skills and Experience

Team Composition

• There will be a lead national consultant that will be responsible for the overall in country study
• The lead consultant will come with a group of experts who will support the study under the leadership of the national consultant

Academic Qualifications and experience of the team of consultants

• The lead consultant should have at least ten years of relevant experience in research, analysis and data collection particularly on issues of Gender, Violence Against Women (VAW), IPV and costing study
• The lead consultant must have master’s degree in Social Science like Gender, Economics, development studies, legal studies Human Rights and related fields
• The team of experts/consultants should have extensive experience on gender, VAWG, Economics and Statistics.

Knowledge

• Ethiopia context, including geographical areas and languages
• Understanding of Intimate Partner Violence and the specialized nature of a survey on IPV
• Labor force participation in Ethiopia, particularly in relation to women
• National policymaking context

Capacity:

• Expertise in implementing a national household survey, including the ability to mobilize a fieldwork team
• Experience working on large-scale projects
• Research design
  • Quantitative and qualitative data analysis skills
  • Economic expertise
  • Report writing skills
  • Experience in dissemination of research findings

Language and other skills

• Fluency in English and Amharic is required;
• Computer skills: full command of Microsoft applications (word, excel, PowerPoint) and data encoding software’s

Interested applicants must submit

• Signed Curriculum vitae of the lead consultant with contact details of three clients for whom the consultant rendered, preferably similar services
• Curriculum vitae of the team of experts/consultants who will be working under the leadership of the lead consultant.
• Interested and qualified consultants should send expressions of Interest attached with proposals-technical and financial
• Proof of previous written work in English
• Please note that applications without a completed and signed UN Women P-11 form will be treated as incomplete and will not be considered for further assessment.
• UN Women Personal History form (P-11) can be downloaded from http://www.unwomen.org/en/about-us/employment

Complete applications should be sent to Addisalem Befekadu with addisalem.befekadu@unwomen.org or Selamawit Sirgiw  selamawit.sirgiw@unwomen.org